At a geothermal plant, fuel is geothermal water heated naturally in the earth, so no. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas. Energy 269 section 1 geothermal reservoir engineering. Geothermal energy energy from the earths core what is geothermal energy. A geothermal heat pump ghp or ground source heat pump gshp is a central heating andor cooling system that transfers heat to or from the ground. The energy content of the waste can only be referred to as renewable if it.
Gg 140 lecture 34 renewable energy open yale courses. Bioenergy, photovoltaics, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, wind energy, climate change, clean energy technologies, learning curve, m arket transformation program, energy forecasts. Geothermal energy simple english wikipedia, the free. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro power plants, nuclear power plants, along with solar, wind and geothermal energy power systems in addition to the direct energy conversion. The energy crisis of the next few years is the shortage of fuel for the daily needs of millions of people. The technologies looked at will include, solar energy, wind, batteries, fuel cells, and geothermal conversion. Simple biogas plants are complicated enough to require total involvement with their. Pdf lecture notes on geothermal energy wiekert visser. Geothermal energy can be used as a heat source in small enduse applications, but the consumers have to be located close to the source of heat. Any resource that cannot be replaced during the time of a human life span. Figure 1 shows the installed capacity and the geothermal energy in the different continents in 2004. The energy produced within the sun is responsible for a multitude of other renewable energies such as wind and hydropower as well as renewable energy carriers such as solid or liquid biofuels. It is intended to help the young scientific professionals to keep their knowledge upgraded with the current thoughts and newer technology options along with their advances in the field of the utilization of different types of energy resources for. The course aims to introduce a general engineeringscience audience to the basic concepts of renewable energy.
Status of geothermal energy in the geothermal era net countries. The last energy source that we need to discuss, direct solar energy, will solve all societys energy problems, but not yet. Before going to the topic of tidal energy, let us know about the basic parameters of tidal energy like about the tides. This high pressure vaporsteam is used to mechanically turn a turbinegenerator. Energy economics studies forces that lead economic agents firms, individuals, governments to supply energy resources, to convert those resources into other useful energy forms, to transport them to the users, to use them, and to dispose of the residuals. They are continuously generated by the energy sources solar energy, geothermal energy and tidal energy. Nptel ncer assignment 9 answers old question papers. Lecture notes on renewable energy sources veer surendra sai. Energy from wind is acquired through the use of large wind turbines. The geothermal energy of the earths crust comes 20% from the original formation of the planet, and 80% from the radioactive decay of minerals.
Envres 240 section 1 environmental decisionmaking and risk. Renewable energy any sustainable energy whichcomes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, tides, rain, geothermal energy. This is why over the last decades attention is focused on renewable energy resources and ways to increase energy efficiency. In one hour the earth receives more energy from the sun than the world consume in one year. Today there are more than 40 geothermal power plants across the usa and by the 2050 geothermal energy can produce 10% of electricity.
Fossil energy reserves and resources, although expanding over time, are fundamentally finite quantities. The course deals with the production of energy from different fossil fuels through cleanerroutes as well as from renewable resources. This mean that for 1 w of electric energy heat pump transfer from the ground 3 w of geothermal additional energy which if we neglect loses is equal to the 4 w of thermal energy. These include wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy and geothermal energy. The advantages and limitations of these technologies in comparison to conventional sources of energy will also be examined.
Geothermal energy the heat generated deep within the earth. The geothermal energy potential in the 10 km of the earth s crust amounts to 50,000 times the energy of all oil and gas resources in the world. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Production of electricity from geothermal energy like all conventional thermal power plants, a geothermal plant uses a heat source to expand a liquid to vaporsteam. Renewable energy source an overview sciencedirect topics. Geothermal energy is currently ex tracted using wells or other mean s that produce hot fluids from. This document is highly rated by mechanical engineering students and has been viewed 242 times. Dickson and mario fanelli istituto di geoscienze e georisorse, cnr, pisa, italy prepared on february 2004 introduction heat is a form of energy and geothermal energy is, literally, the heat contained within the earth that generates geological phenomena on a planetary scale. Energy inside the earth where is geothermal energy found. The general conservation of energy equation is applicable to steam in the same manner as it is applicable to gases. Heat pumps for primary source of energy uses thermal energy from air, soil or ground water. Heat from the earth can be used in many ways, from large and complex power stations to small and relatively simple pumping systems. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energymost often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures.
Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. Energy 293c section 1 energy from wind and water currents. Process and technology status there are three categories of tidal energy technologies. The use of renewable and alternative energy sources can save us money, assure that our grandchildren and great grandchildren will have enough energy, and free us from the uncertainties of depending on energy supplies outside the united states. Lecture2 introduction to renewable energy sources renewable energy sources derive their energy from existing flows of energy from ongoing natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows. All their values measured above this temperature are considered positive and those measured below are taken as negative. Simple biogas plants are intended to help solve this problem. Energy conversion processes for the use of geothermal heat. Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight,wind,rain,tides,waves and geothermal heat.
Industrial process and energy systems engineering ipese. Resources, types of wells, methods of harnessing the energy, potential in india. Energy resources today the greatest attention in the world is devoted to energy resources because their use is usually irreversible, but the supplies of traditional fossil fuels oil, natural gas are running out fast. Hydrogen can be produced using a variety of resources including biomass, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, nuclear, coal with carbon capture, utilization and storage, and natural gas. Geothermal energy from the greek roots geo, meaning earth, and from thermos, meaning heat is energy made by heat inside the earths crust although the sun does heat the surface of the earth, the heat from inside the earth is not caused by the sun. Extraction of geothermal energy and electric power generation using a large scale heat pipe shunji kusaba 1, hirosi suzuki, kazuo hirowatari 2, masataka mochizuki 3, koichi mashiko 3, thang nguyen, and akbar akbarzadeh4, 1 research laboratory, kyushu electric power co. Geothermal energy is the thermal energy stored in the underground, including any contained fluid, which is available for extraction and conversion into energy products. Uses of geothermal energy direct use of geothermal energy geothermal power plants geothermal heat pumps geothermal energy and the environment links to geothermal materials renewable slide show watch and listen. Download nonconventional energy resources by b h khan the book covers the various components of undergraduate course on nonconventional energy resources alternative energy resources, renewable energy resources quite well. This diversity of sources makes hydrogen a promising energy carrier and enables hydrogen production almost anywhere in the world. This edition is also pedagogically enhanced due to the addition of solved university questions, objective questions. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Hello, in todays class we will continue our discussion on geothermal energy. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
It is time to set about this task in a professional manner in the best sense of this word. Figure 2 shows the installed capacity for electricity production in 2007 in different countries. These turbines ideally need to be located in areas where there is strong wind and low atmospheric turbulence. This course provides a simple understanding of the power plant engineering. Otec, principles utilization, setting of otec plants, thermodynamic. In this context the annual natural flows of solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy and quantities grown by nature in the form of biomass often referred to as theoretical potentials would correspond to occurrences. Pdf an introduction to the renewable energy resources.
Technologies for clean and renewable energy production. Department of electrical engineering, veer surendra sai university of technology burla page 1 veer surendra sai university of technology burla, odisha, india department of electrical engineering lecture notes on renewable energy sources subject code. Ultimately, the sun powers all major renewable energy technologies except geothermal and tidal power. Geothermal energy is the most significant source of energy available on the earth, but due to geological reasons, we are not able to harness the energy everywhere. Energy resources and technology nptel online videos. It uses the earth all the time, without any intermittency, as a heat source in the winter or a heat sink in the summer.
Lecture notes on geothermal energy mechanical engineering. The first category, tidal range technologies use a barrage a dam or other barrier to harvest power from the height dif. Its efficient largescale utilization is expected to become a reality some time in the 21st century probably in the second half. A first course in renewable energy iap 2009 massachusetts institute of technology instructor mohammadreza alam phd course description this is an engineering introduction to renewable energy technologies and potentials. Pdf nonconventional energy resources by b h khan book. The sun drives atmospheric processes that result in wind for wind power, plant growth for biofuels, and water evaporation that makes hydropower possible. Gerber, energy conversion lecture notes geothermal energy, 2009.